And any gains in previous arms control agreements seem like a mirage." "South Asia gets the Bomb, as India tests its first nuclear device. "The United States and Soviet Union attempt to curb the race for nuclear superiority by signing the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (Salt) and the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty." "Nearly all of the world's nations come together to sign the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty." Nuclear weapons to assert themselves as global players." US involvement in Vietnam intensifies, India and Pakistan battle in 1965, and Israel and its Arab neighbours renew hostilities in 1967. "After a decade of almost non-stop nuclear tests, the United States and Soviet Union sign the Partial Test Ban Treaty, which ends all atmospheric nuclear testing." For the first time, the United States and Soviet Union appear eager to avoid direct confrontation in regional conflicts such as the 1956 Egyptian-Israeli dispute." "Political actions belie the tough talk of 'massive retaliation'. In October 1952, the United States tests its first thermonuclear device, obliterating a Pacific Ocean islet in the process nine months later, the Soviets test an H-bomb of their own." "After much debate, the United States decides to pursue the hydrogen bomb, a weapon far more powerful than any atomic bomb. "The Soviet Union denies it, but in the fall (autumn), President Harry Truman tells the American public that the Soviets tested their first nuclear device, officially starting the arms race." It symbolises the urgency of the nuclear dangers that the magazine's founders - and the broader scientific community - are trying to convey to the public and political leaders around the world." "As the Bulletin evolves from a newsletter into a magazine, the Clock appears on the cover for the first time. "They threaten the very existence of civilisation and therefore should be the first order of business for leaders who care about their constituents and their countries." Minutes from midnight: 1947 - 2017 "When we call these dangers existential, that is exactly what we mean," the group says.
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